Free Energy and Zero Point Energy Applications

Super Efficient Joule Thief

The "Reverse Joule Thief" Battery Charger

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Author:qs

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Here is a totally different take on the Joule Thief (JT) circuit commonly found in garden lights. Instead of charging a 1.2v battery directly from the solar cell and converting the power to run a 3-volt LED, we'll be using the JT to convert the output from the solar cell and charging a Lithium battery first. Then when night falls, the battery is used to drive the LED directly.

 This method has some advantages: (1) the Lithium cell that was chosen here (and avialable for $2here) has an output of 3-volts, which can drive a White LED directly; it also has a huge capacity (800mAH) and very low leakage. (2) The solar cell normally can only charge the NiCd battery in full, direct sunlight, but, with the JT circuit, it is able to deliver power to the Lithium cell even on overcast days.

Step 1The 'Reversed' layout.

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A look at the circuit will tell you this is not a run of the mill JT configuration. Most obvious will be the fact that there is only a single coil involved (the 220uH) - we are using a second transistor (Q2) and C1 to take over the timing requirements. This allows us to use a wider range of coil values, as well as operate over a larger voltage range.

Besides reversing the charge / discharge order, this circuit also reverses the location of the driver transistor and the coil, but wait, that's not all! The transistors all have reversed polarities, and even the output voltage is reversed!

No, it isn't an error! Diode D1, the LEDs and the charged battery all have their polarities  reversed! That's because this Joule Thief is configured as a voltage inverter. This arrangement was chosen due to its advantages for this kind of application.

To improve efficiency, the traditional JT relies on a fairly constant battery supply (over a millisecond or so) to give it a boost when it is delivering power. With the limited output from a Solar Cell, we have to store all its power in C2 and feed it into the Lithium in one big pulse, meaning the capacitor will be "empty" for the few critical millisecond, cancelling the 'kick' the normal JT requires to work well.

Our 'Reversed' JT circuit will work as a regular JT - without the 3v Lithium load, an input of 1.2v will light up the LEDs quite nicely. Not strictly necessary, the LEDs are there so you can SEE the system working, and also to prevent the battery overcharging.

Solar Cell. 2-volts with 100-ohm load

Q1,Q3 BC327 PNP. Can be any low-signal amp of sufficient current rating (>100mA)
Q2 BC337 NPN. Most will work but if you change Q1, Q2 or L1, you may need to adjust R1 for best performance (Try 3.3k to 15k)

D1 1N4148 or 1N914 or similar
LED1 Blue or White LED
LED2 Red LED
LED3 100mA (1/2W) White LED

C1 220pF. Can be 150-500pF
C2 50-200uF

R1 10k-ohm
R2 330-ohm (use 470-ohm for longer run time)
R3 3.3k-ohm
R4 6.8k-ohm (use these values instead of the one on the schematic)
R5 100-ohm. Go as high as 220-ohm for lower brightness.

L1 100-500uH. Many home-made ones will work.

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The second image shows the waveform measured at the top of the coil. The portion above the tag (2) is the charge stored in C2 fed into the coil. The sharp negative going pulseis the battery being charged.

So, is this safe for the battery? What if it were a 2800mah 3.7V li ion battery?

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21

May 30, 2010. 7:23 PMqs (author) says:

Once the battery reaches about 3.3v, the LEDs will turn on to make sure the battery doesn't overcharge. A 3.6v Li-Ion at full charge is 4.2v, so the circuit as shown will charge it to about 80%. By replacing LED1 and LED 2 with a 4.8v zener, you will charge the Li-Ion to 100%.

Successful Worldwide 2SGen replications by full and independant experimenters

created on february 15, 2009 - JLN Labs - Last update march 3, 2010Toutes les informations et schémas sont publiés gratuitement ( freeware ) et sont destinés à un usage personnel et non commercial
All informations and diagrams are published freely (freeware) and are intended for a private use and a non commercial use.

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Jean-Yves Hervouet (France): Successful replication of the 2SGen

Congratulations to Jean-Yves for his successful 2SGen replication. Click here to read his test report

Jack (Poland): 2SGen successfully replicated and confirmed

Congratulations to Jack for his successful 2SGen experiment.

FreeOrbo (US): 2SGen successfully replicated and confirmed, look at his very well done demo

 
Congratulations to FreeOrbo for his successful 2SGen replication.Here a link to the FreeOrbo dedicated blog.

Gilles (France): 2SGen effect successfully replicated and confirmed

Congratulations to Gilles for his successful 2SGen experiment.

Svein Utne (Norvège): Successful test of the 2SGen with a Nanoperm toroïd

Congratulations to Svein Utne (Norway) for his successful experiment 2SGen with a Nanoperm core.

2SGen

[http://jnaudin.free.fr/2SGen/indexen.htm] 2SGen, an amazing tiny Solid State Generator by JL Naudin created on february 15, 2009 - JLN Labs - Last update march 10, 2010Toutes les informations et schémas sont publiés gratuitement ( freeware ) et sont destinés à un usage personnel et non commercial All informations and diagrams are published freely (freeware) and are intended for a private use and a non commercial use. Cliquez ici pour la version FRANCAISE  2SGen PROJECT LOG BOOK 2SGen v1.0 is an amazing Solid State Generator very simple to build, you will observe some very interesting results about the properties of a toroidal coil with a ferromagnetic core when it is used with a neodymium magnet.  Updated 03/03/10 : Successful 2SGen replications by independants experimenters Episode 10: Influence of the magnet on the hysteresis curve of ferromagnetic core Episode 9: Test of the 2SGen v6 connected with two (21W + 5W) LIGHT BULBS Episode 8: 2SGen simulation with FEMM, towards more output power... Episode 7: Measuring the ratio between the Demagnetization energy/Magnetization energy Episode 6: The 2SGen hidden principle: the core magnetization/demagnetization process Episode 5: Towards more output power with a new magnet/toroid setup with the 2SGen Episode 4: Test of the 2SGen with a Nanoperm, a Nanocrystalline alloy toroïdal core Episode 3: The Moving magnet experiment Episode 2: Test of the 2SGen with and without the magnet The toroidal coil uses a ferromagnetic core (grade 3E25) specific inductance Al=3820 (23x14x7 mm) (µ=6000), Rdc:1.4 ohms, and it is wound CW with 7.5 m of 4/10 mm copper wire, The magnet is a 10 mm diameter and 5 mm thick neodymium magnet, The output coil is a air core flat coil (OD: 42, ID:18mm, TH: 8mm) inductance=636 mH, Rdc=990 ohms made with 450m of 0.1 mm diam copper wire. Click here to see the full datasheet of the core material used in this test The neodymium magnet is simply sticked magnetically on one side of the toroid... Below the diagram of the 2SGen v1.0 Whether the 2SGen powers the High Power Leds lamp or not, the measured current through the toroïdal stator coil remains the same... Below, you will find the full video of the 2SGen v1.0 in action: 2SGen Episode 2: Test with and without the magnet The neodymium magnet is important. Without the magnet, the lamp does not light up, there is no current in the pickup coil because there is no EM coupling with the toroïdal coil Don't use a too strong magnet, the ferromagnetic domains must flip with a minimum of energy inside the core... The frequency is also important, in this case 200 Hz is the best ratio, too high frequency increases hysteresis losses in the core. The Duty cycle (Dtc) of the pulse is important, the generator is set with a Dtc=75%, which gives an output Dtc=25% at the controller. Too much Dtc will increase the Joule losses... Below, you will find a new video of the 2SGen test with and without the magnet: Above, the full diagram of the S2Gen v2, no external pulse generator is needed. The best tuning is set for f = 200 Hz (Dtc=27%) 2SGen Episode 3: "the moving magnet experiment" 2SGen Episode 4: With the new Nanoperm core... Woow... Click here to read the Nanoperm M-059 core datasheet With the Nanoperm core, when the magnet is placed on the top of the 2SGen, the drop of the DC current at the input is greater than with the ferrite core... Woow... 2SGen Episode 5: Towards more power with a new magnet/toroïd setup Above the new 2SGen setup: the neodymium magnets have been placed in the center of the toroïd so has the magnetic lines are closed inside the toroïdal core. With this new setup, there is more OUTPUT power without change at the input. The toroïdal 2SGen coil has also been fully inserted in a cylindrical air coil. WOOW... The POWER OUT is greatly magnified without any change in at the input of the DC power supply... Now, with the 2SGen V5, I am able to power higher power leds panels... See, below, the full video of the tests of the 2SGen v4 and v5 : 2SGen Episode 6: The 2SGen hidden principle: The energy from the core magnetization/demagnetization process In the scope pictures below: the yellow curve is the pulse sent by the controller to build up the magnetic field of the core (magnetization phase), the blue curve is the pulse measured across the output coil connected to a lamp as a load. Look at the blue curve, the first part (negative curve) is the magnetization phase of the core (building up of the magnetic energy), you may notice some Barkhausen effect bumps. The second part (positive curve) is the demagnetization phase of the core. The excess free energy is tapped during the demagnetization process and not during the magnetization process due to the blocking diode connected at the output coil. To get more free energy from the 2SGen device, the clock pulse must be shorter as possible (during the magnetization process). The process of free energy generation from magnetization/demagnetization of a ferromagnetic core has been fully explained in the Nikolay E. Zaev paper "Ferrites and Ferromagnetics Free Energy Generation" published in New Energy Technologies Issue #5 Sept-Oct 2002. The pulse period must be greater than the time of the magnetization/demagnetization process, here 1500 µs. Some important keys to get an excess of energy: The output coil must be fully EM decoupled from the input coil (no mutual inductance), so this why the toroïdal coil is used as the input coil and a cylindrical or a flat coil set at 90° as the output coil. The magnet is used only to set the operating point in the MH curve of the toroïdal core. The magnet is not the source of the excess of energy. The ferromagnetic core is used on the highly non linear portion of the MH curve (where the core permeability drops quickly) Shorter the clock pulse (low DTC) is, lower the energy spent for the magnetization process will be. The 2SGen is not a transformer: The excess of energy tapped on its output comes from the magnetic material itself (during the demagnetization process). The volume of the ferromagnetic core used is important to get more power: greater the volume of the core is, higher the power at the output will be. The pulse period must be greater than the time required for the magnetization/demagnetization process and this is fully dependent of the performance of the magnetic core used. The best tuning is done when there is no change in the measured DC input power while the output coil is loaded. Don't forget that energy of the magnetization pulse is the cost to be paid for obtaining the excess energy from demagnetization. S2Gen Episode 7: Measuring the ratio between the Demagnetization energy and the Magnetization energy 2SGen Episode 8: 2SGen running simulation, towards more output power You will find below a 2SGen v5 simulation with FEMM with a Nanoperm M-059 core with the same setup used in the real working prototype. 2SGen Episode 9: Test of the 2SGen v6 connected with two LIGHT BULBS (20W + 5W) See, below, the video of the tests of the 2SGen v6 which power the two light bulbs: 2SGen Episode 10: Influence of the magnet on the hysteresis curve of the ferromagnetic core Above, the testing setup used to measure the hysteresis curve of the 2SGen core Above, the hysteresis curves of the toroïdal core at 200 Hz sine wave. You may notice that the hysteresis curve begins nearly flat when the magnet is close to the toroïdal core. In this case the permeabilty of the core begins very weak. Above, the hysteresis curves of the toroïdal Nanoperm M-074 core at 200 Hz sine wave. Above, the hysteresis curves of the toroïdal core at 3300 Hz DC pulsed squared wave (DTC ON 40%) Below, you will find a video of the hysteresis tests with the 2SGen v6 Stay tuned, more to come soon... Technical datasheets : BUZ 11 N-MOSFET power transistor LM555/NE555 single timer 7808 positive voltage regulator Ferrite Tore Ferroxcube grade 3E25 NANOPERM® tore M-059 specification NANOPERM® : New softmagnetic material for Power Electronic Designs NANOPERM® : Hysteresis curves, µ = f(T) Interesting documents to be read: "Ferrites and Ferromagnetics Free Energy Generation" from Nikolay E Zaev published in New Energy Technologies Issue #5 Sept-Oct 2002. "Inductive conversion of heat environmental energy to electrical energy" from Nikolay E. Zaev - New Energy Technologies Issue #1 (4) Jan-feb 2002 "Research on the Capacitance Converter of Environmental Heat to Electric Power" by Nikolay Zaev - New Energy Technologies Issue #2 Sep-Oct 2001 Link to follow: Experiment on Direct conversion of the environment temperature into electricity from Nikolay Zaev Email : JNaudin509@aol.com return to the Electromagnetic devices home page

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